Ls2 vs lq9.

Fits 1999-2013 Gen 3/4 LS-Based 6.0L Engines LS2 LQ4 LQ9. Specs: 233/240 .629"/.600" 108LSA, 3 Bolt Pattern. The BFD was designed for one thing… 10/10 CHOP for LS engines! It just so happens to make a lot of power too!DSS 6.0 / LS2 / L98 / LQ9 LS SX Series -5cc LS Flat Top Piston Set. 4.030 fits the following vehicle(s): 2002 Chevrolet Silverado 1500 2003 Chevrolet Silverado 1500 2004 Chevrolet Silverado 1500 2005 Chevrolet Silverado 1500 2006 Chevrolet Silverado 1500 2007 Chevrolet Silverado 1500 2002 Chevrolet SuburbanActually on second thought LQ9 has flat tops and is already 10:1 add the smaller combustion chambers on the 243s almost 11:1 you might be a little high on pump gas and idk about ptv issues should be safe. Throw an LS6 cam in there and bam iron LS2. Last edited by kerrige; 11-07-2012 at 08:14 PM. ECSB 2kSierra 2wd 4.8L-K&N-HPtuners-Calspeed LT's ...The LQ9 was still an iron block, aluminum headed engine and was rated at 345 HP. It also used the 317/035 heads but had a higher compression ratio due to the use of flat-topped pistons. Like the rest of the Gen 3 truck engines, the early models of the LQ4 and LQ9 were drive by cable and had return style fuel systems. That changed to drive by ...Fits 1997-2013 Gen 3/4 LS-Based Engines 5.7 6.0 LS1 LS6 LS2 LQ4 LQ9. Specs: 238/242 .600"/.600" 112LSA, 3 Bolt Pattern. The Magic Stick lineup is Texas Speed's most popular line of camshafts. The Magic Stick 3 is designed to be a max effort camshaft for people looking to get the maximum power possible from stock displacement engines using nitrous.

item 8 Enginetech GM CHEVY 6.0 LQ9 LS2 HYPEREUTECTIC FLAT TOP PISTONS AND RINGS Enginetech GM CHEVY 6.0 LQ9 LS2 HYPEREUTECTIC FLAT TOP PISTONS AND RINGS. $339.99. Last one Free shipping. Best Selling in Pistons & Rings. Current slide {CURRENT_SLIDE} of {TOTAL_SLIDES}- Best Selling in Pistons & Rings ...

Buy LS Valve Cover Bolt Set OEM 8pc Grommet Seal Crush Sleeve Compatible with all GM Chevy 1997-2014 LS Series Engines LS1 LS3 LS2 LQ4 LQ9 LS6 L92 L99 L33 4.8L 5.3L 5.7L 6.0L 6.2L Vortec: Valve Covers - Amazon.com FREE DELIVERY possible on eligible purchasesReplacement Ignition Coil Harness for the CHEVY GMC CADILLAC 4.8L 5.3L 6.0L 8.1L LQ9 LQ4 LS2 LS7 LSX and the coil packs found on most Trucks. When installing make note of the color on the second wire on the coil connector. The connector with the Purple wire goes to coil that fires cylinder number 1 or 8, Red wire goes to 2 or 7, Blue wire goes ...

LQ9 6.0L engine with flat top pistons raising compression to 10:1 ... 2005-2006 GTO, 2006-2007 Cadillac CTS-V: 6.0L LS2; 2008-2013 Corvette, 2009 Pontiac G8 GXP, 2010-2015 Camaro, 2014-2017 Chevrolet SS: 6.2L LS3; 2010-2015 Camaro with auto trans: 6.2L L99; ... The 4.8 LS engine is a salvage yard bargain vs the typical 5.3 or 6.0 LS and can ...Yes an no they are the same bore and stroke but have some difference. Namely the pistons and compression ratio. The LQ4 has dished pistons and runs lower CR. Also the rods are not as good in the LQ4 either. Also the LS2 has 243 heads with higher CR. The LQ4 comes with 317 heads and a truck intake.This is the ultimate LS engine swap or engine upgrade resource. Scroll through the tables below to find the LS or LS-based Vortec truck engine that you own or are interested in building. All of the key engine specs and expert engine-upgrade advice and guidance you’ll need are only one click away.PSI sells Standalone Wiring Harnesses for GM Gen II, III, IV, & V LS/LT based engines and transmissions. These harnesses include the Gen II LT1/LT4, Gen III (24x) LS1/LS6 and Vortec Truck Engines as well as Gen IV (58x) LS2, LS3, LS7, & Vortec and GEN V LT / ECOTEC3 Engines. All PSI Harnesses are Made in the USA.The heads are stock for the LQ9 6.0L H.O. 345 HP version (Cadillac Escalade/GMC Denalli). I haven't got the engine in my hands, so I can't tell you the casting numbers yet. I'm guessing maybe the 317's. 01-30-2007, 06:48 PM #15. fourohsicks.

O'reilly lanett alabama

The LQ9 is a 6.0L Gen. 3 small block engine used in GM trucks between 2002 and 2007. For marketing purposes, it was also known as the Vortec HO 6000 or VortecMAX. The information listed here is for the stock engine. Mechanically similar, General Motors’ LS and LS-based Vortec engines wound up on almost every branch of the GM family tree ...

Categories/ Plumbing AN Fittings and Hose. Vapor Guard. Earls Classic Hose and Hose Ends. Speed-Seal and Speed-Flex. Hardline. Also in Plumbing AN Fittings and Hose. Adapters. All Hose Groups. Application Specific Parts.Coil Pack Relocation Harness Kit for LS2 LS3 LS7 LSX LQ4 LQ9 D510C D581 D514A D585 12570616 12563293 12573190 19005218 Coils. $69.99. Add to Cart. Quick view Details. Michigan Motorsports. Ignition Coil Connector Wiring Harness Pigtail - Fits for GM LS LSX LS2 LS3 LS7 LQ4 5.3 6.0 6.2 7.0 Truck D581 D585 D513A D514A D510C ...Our goal was to put together an LS that looked like a factory GM powerplant from the 1960's. By using a carbureted LS intake manifold from Edelbrock (PN 71187) painted Chevy Orange and a 650 cfm ...[Editor's Note: This LY6 engine upgrade guide is part of a series of LS engine upgrade guides assembled by a team of LS experts at Summit Racing that we are sharing at OnAllCylinders. For a primer on the entire LS engine universe, read LS Engines 101: An Introductory Overview of the Gen III/IV LS Engine Family.] Intro to LY6 Engines. The LY6 engine came in Chevy and GMC 2500HD series trucks ...Sep 29, 2008 · ddawson. 15570 posts · Joined 2004. #4 · Sep 29, 2008. The 317 is a 243 but with a larger CC. I have the 317 on my car with 70CC. 1969 Corvette, 427 Convertible. 496CI Edelbrock Heads, Quickfuel Carb, LS6 Intake. Straub Technologies 229/235 .590/.559 107, Hedman Headers, Magnaflow Exhaust. Speed Direct Rack and Pinion, Semi Coilovers ... LS2 LQ9 Coil Installation. UPDATE – 420kw @ 24.5psi, big thanks to Rick @ Mojo performance and Glen @ ESP Racing Queanbeyan, dyno sheets listed below. This made another 30rwkw+ (40rwhp+) on very similar boost. UPDATE 2 – Thanks to Steve at Torque Toyota for the attached diagram below of the 2JZGTE VVTi ignition wiring to …The LS6 cam seems to be a favorite among enthusiasts, with higher lift and duration on the exhaust side when in comparison to the LS2 or LS3 cams. For larger displacement engines, such as the iron 6.0L LQ9 truck engine, the LS7 cam is often the appropriate choice to make the most out of that engine’s larger displacement.

A 317 head on an LS2 will be 10.0:1. A 243 on a LQ9 will be 10.9:1. Only major difference is combustion chamber cc. I would not go with less then 10.0:1 compression on a 2300. Mill a set of 317s to 70cc, run an LS9 gasket and head studs. C6 M6 Vortech 857/725. 14' GMC RCSB TVS1900. TSP B.F.D. "Chop Monster" 6.0L Cathedral Cam Specs: 233/240 .629/.600 108 LSA 106 ICL. As seen from Zac Mertens “The Chop King” from Hoonigan, the “BFD” cam is engineered to give your naturally aspirated LS the MOST SAVAGE CHOP humanly possible while delivering big power throughout the curve, designed to spec with Hoonigan’s Chop King ... Patients are usually able to go home within 24 hours of surgery. Results depend on the procedure performed and the disease present. Patients are usually able to go home within 24 h...ddawson. 15570 posts · Joined 2004. #4 · Sep 29, 2008. The 317 is a 243 but with a larger CC. I have the 317 on my car with 70CC. 1969 Corvette, 427 Convertible. 496CI Edelbrock Heads, Quickfuel Carb, LS6 Intake. Straub Technologies 229/235 .590/.559 107, Hedman Headers, Magnaflow Exhaust. Speed Direct Rack and Pinion, … In that respect, the LS platform has an advantage over the old-school engines; the bottom end and cylinder heads will support more power in stock form than a junkyard Gen I small or big block. In our case, the LQ9 is the high-compression version of the more common LQ4 6.0, and simply changing the cam might have shown similarly big power. 360 posts · Joined 2009. #4 · Mar 5, 2011. I just weighted some the other day in the shop. LS2 aluminum block was 91lbs. Iron 6.0 block was 192lbs. 1995 C1500, 325" twin PTE 6870s, 4300lbs. 5.7 @ 123mph at 28psi. DBRods Speed & Chassis. Save Share.Look no further than GM's 6.0L iron block, as used in the LQ9 (and LQ4) truck engines. ... but we're saving hundreds of dollars versus going for the comparable LS2 aluminum block--and the L92/LS3 ...

Actually on second thought LQ9 has flat tops and is already 10:1 add the smaller combustion chambers on the 243s almost 11:1 you might be a little high on pump gas and idk about ptv issues should be safe. Throw an LS6 cam in there and bam iron LS2. Last edited by kerrige; 11-07-2012 at 08:14 PM. ECSB 2kSierra 2wd 4.8L-K&N-HPtuners-Calspeed LT's ...

LY6. The LY6 was introduced in 2007. It replaced the LQ4 and LQ9 as the Vortec 6000. Along with the LY2, LY5, and LMG, it was one of the first 4th generation, LS truck engines. The LY6 used Variable Valve Timing (VVT). This helped it make more Torque and Horsepower than the previous 6.0L engines. It was available in GM pickups until 2010.Yes an no they are the same bore and stroke but have some difference. Namely the pistons and compression ratio. The LQ4 has dished pistons and runs lower CR. Also the rods are not as good in the LQ4 either. Also the LS2 has 243 heads with higher CR. The LQ4 comes with 317 heads and a truck intake.0cc. The primary difference between LY6 and LQ9 is their compression ratio, with the latter having a higher value. While a higher compression ratio translates to a higher output, we see that LY6 is more potent than LQ9, though by a slight margin. The other contrast point between the two engines is their piston style.Brian Tooley LS1 Shaft Rocker Kit Pre-Assembled with BTR Rocker Bodies 4.8L 5.3L 5.7L 6.0L LS1 LQ4 LQ9 LM7 L33 LS2 LS6 Cathedral Port. Rating * Name Email * Review Subject * Comments * ×. Recommended. Quick view Details. Brian Tooley Racing. BTR Brian Tooley RED HOT (Stage 2) LS1 Camshaft 5.3 5.7 6.0 LS2 LS6 LQ4 LQ9 Cathedral Cam Kit ...Gen. 3 engines could be found in cars up until 2005 and most trucks as late as 2007 (LM7, L59, L33, LQ4, LQ9) and were 24X. The Gen. 4 engines could be found in the LS2 Corvette, GTO, and LS4 powered FWD cars as early as 2005, but remained 24X equipped.Our fellow tech writer and dyno-flogger Richard Holdener reports a gain of roughly 15 hp with stock 5.3-liter heads on a 6.0-liter. Our 5.7-liter head test bumped the average power by 9 hp but ...The LC9 came in GM trucks and SUVs in 2007-'11 and made 315 horsepower right out of the box. It's a Gen. 4 5.3L aluminum-block engine, so you're getting the better intake manifold, connecting rods, and ECM. The engine also had 799 or 243 casting heads which are closely related to the LS6.Product Description. Michigan Motorsports Rear Main Crank Cover Seal 89060436. -Fits 4.8 5.3 5.7 6.0 6.2 LS1 LS2 LS3 LQ9 LQ4. Replacement rear main seal for all LS engines. The Michigan Motorsports rear main seal installation tool makes for easy accurate installation. Item D1100.On average, the LQ9 gets you a fuel economy of 13-15 mpg on city roads and 18-20 on highways. LQ4 is rated at around 10-12 mpg on city roads and 13-15 mpg on highways. The implication of this is that the LQ9 has a better fuel economy than the LQ4. The ETC system on LQ9 engines is more efficient and reliable than the one in LQ4 engines. Cost

Is bill hemmer on fox married

Fits: LS1 LS2 LS3 LS6 LQ4 LQ9 LY5 LY6 LM7 L99 L76 L92 LSX. Bluegrass Performance Part BPPDVST. Valve Spring Compressor Tool Kit will include Grade 8 Bolts and nuts for durability! Precision CNC Machined, Our Valve Spring tool is a great alternative to the higher priced tools and does the same Job!

Jun 22, 2021 · The most popular upgrade is to replace the stock 317 cathedral-port heads on a 6.0 truck (LQ4 or LQ9) or LS2 (243 castings) with the rectangular-port LS3 heads. The large valves in the LS3 heads require the 4.0-inch bore of the 6.0 (and do not work on smaller 4.8, 5.3, or 5.7 blocks), but the results are impressive. Fits: LS1 LS2 LS3 LS6 LQ4 LQ9 LY5 LY6 LM7 L99 L76 L92 LSX. Bluegrass Performance Part BPPDVST. Valve Spring Compressor Tool Kit will include Grade 8 Bolts and nuts for durability! Precision CNC Machined, Our Valve Spring tool is a great alternative to the higher priced tools and does the same Job!On our Mast heads, the LS3 head offered both more intake and exhaust flow than the cathedral-port heads, resulting in an intake-to-exhaust flow percentage (372/261 cfm) of 69.89 (meaning the ...See All 21 Photos. Comp's fourth most popular cam, the 277LR HR-113, idled at only 10.75 inches in our 6.0L test engine. With the stock GM LQ9 truck short-block and stock cast pistons with shallow ...The LQ4 has a lower compression ratio of 9.4:1, while the LQ9 boasts a higher compression ratio of 10.0:1. This higher compression ratio enables the LQ9 to produce more horsepower and torque than its LQ4 counterpart. The LQ4 compression ratio compared to the LQ9 is much lower, as well as a difference in the cast iron high-flow cylinder heads.2005-2006 LS2 GTO, 2004-2006 SSR (LS2 and 5.3 liter) 1999-2006 4.8-, 5.3-, and 6.0-liter Vortec truck engines . The 1997-1998 LS1 Y- and F-Body computer is different from the later LS1 ECM. The pin-outs and wiring harnesses are different. This is a 1998 Camaro ECM, front and back side. (Photo Courtesy Street & Performance)Re: LSx Stock Dyno Graphs 4.8L, 5.3L, 5.7L, 6.0L LS2. And the newer 5.3Ls come with the #243 heads (LS6/LS2) w/ 210cc runners but most likely without the lightened valves though. John Lingenfelter said: The world's best cam combined with a poor set of heads will produce an engine that's a dog.Everyone changes cams anyway, so just ditch the VVT stuff. If you go with a LQ9 it is a gen III engine and still uses a LS1 or LS2 style intake manifold and is a good performer. Since you are talking about putting L92 heads on the LQ4 just skip the step and go LY6. Greg. 1970 challenger convert-in process.Cam Bearing Installation-Removing Tool for Chevy GMC LS1 LS2 LQ9 LS3 LS6 ; Return shipping will be paid by:Seller ; Returns Accepted:Returns Accepted ; Item must ...Fits. 4x LS2 style lifter trays. OE replacement part designed to hold the lifters in place. These can also be a direct replacement in the Gen-3 engine blocks (i.e. LS1, LS6, LQ9, etc.). TRAYS ARE SOLD AS A SET OF FOUR. GM LS2/LS3/LS7/L98 Lifter Tray is an OE replacement part designed to hold the lifters in place.Re: LQ9/LS2 Tuning Advice - Ignition Advance etc. Post by kaeman » Sun Apr 24, 2016 12:15 am I have several buddies that are running big cams in boosted ls engines, all of them have less than 28 degrees advance in high power portion of the ve table, most of them are making 700 rwhp at 24 total advance.The LQ9 is the high-output version of the LQ4, originally designed for Cadillac Escalade models. It has flat-top pistons to increase compression ratio to 10:1. ... Other models to receive the LS2 include the 2006-’07 Cadillac CTS-V, 2006-’09 Chevrolet Trailblazer SS, and 2005-’06 Pontiac GTO and Vauxhall Monaro. Engine code: LS7; …

We get over 460 horsepower and 460 lb-ft out of Dodge 440 with only a simple rebuild and aftermarket camshaft. We all know the 440 big-block is the largest-displacement V-8 engine built by ...Coil Pack Relocation Harness Kit for LS2 LS3 LS7 LSX LQ4 LQ9 D510C D581 D514A D585 12570616 12563293 12573190 19005218 Coils. $69.99. Add to Cart. Quick view Details. Michigan Motorsports. Ignition Coil Connector Wiring Harness Pigtail - Fits for GM LS LSX LS2 LS3 LS7 LQ4 5.3 6.0 6.2 7.0 Truck D581 D585 D513A D514A D510C ...Stepside Ls2 aluminum 6.0 cam heads stall gears Vs Lq9 iron 6.0 cam stall gears 30 Roll Stepside choice of runSGreat power potential for unbeatable performance. Ready to ship quickly so you can hit the road or track faster. NOW AVAILABLE WITH GEN III 24X RELUCTOR WHEEL. Sledgehammer build specifications: 408ci / 6.6L Gen 3/4. GM Gen IV Iron 6.0L LQ9 Block. ARP Main Stud Kit. TSP 4.000" Forged Crankshaft - 58x or 24x Reluctor - 6-Bolt. TSP/Wiseco ...Instagram:https://instagram. kirklands iowa city The 243's have bigger valves which do better on 4.0" and larger bores. On the smaller 3.898/3.78" bores of the LS1/6 & all 5.3/4.8's the 706 are very decent. On a 4.00" bore of an LQ4 though it is splitting hairs. On the same cam, on the same engine, the heads are going to perform within +/- 5hp/5tq of each other, it is almost meaningless.Option A.) Get a classic silverado 4wd with the 4.8 and swap in a lq4 or lq9 whatever one will get me to 500 crank hp easier. If I go this route a beffed up 4L80E will be in order for the abuse this truck will see. Can get the truck for $7-12k all stock. Option B.) Get a classic silverado 4wd with the vortec max and black bear tune, cam, long ... 7 day forecast for baton rouge Look no further than GM's 6.0L iron block, as used in the LQ9 (and LQ4) truck engines. ... but we're saving hundreds of dollars versus going for the comparable LS2 aluminum block--and the L92/LS3 ... ignacio garraus obituary By our calculations, with Rance tuning an LS swap, it would cost around $895 for a naturally-aspirated setup and $1,150 for a boosted application, which puts it right at the Terminator X and Terminator X Max price points. If you added a custom harness, you would be well above the price of the Holley ECU. GM ECU Pros. victor dietz obituary A crank sleeve adapter may be used here to make up the difference. This kit comes complete with a dual-pattern dished flexplate, torque converter sleeve adapter, and hardware. It's a great way to swap an LS in front of your existing TH350, 400, or 700R4. One notable exception to the rule is the '99-'00 LQ4 6.0.The all-aluminum, 6.0L LS2 qualified, but the most common (and affordable) option for swap motors is the iron 6.0L truck block (LQ4 or LQ9 are the most common, but newer Gen IV versions include ... frank lefty rosenthal daughter Originally on the 5.7-liter LS6 that came in the 2001-2004 Corvette Z06, the 243 was reused on the later 6-liter LS2 in 2005, and also came as an otherwise identical "799" casting when it was ...Buy Michigan Motorsports Delphi LS7 Lifters -Set of 16 -FITS LS1 LS2 LS3 LS6 LQ4 LQ9 LY5 LY6 LM7 4.8 5.3 5.7 6.0 6.2 7.0: Lifters - Amazon.com FREE DELIVERY possible on eligible purchases egr cascadia L33, L59, LM4, LM7, LQ4, LQ9, LR4, LS1, LS6. 228/230 duration @ .050" with .585"/.585" valve lift and 112 degree lobe separation angle; Increases mid range and top end power without sacrificing low end torque; ... It adds value to different vehicle models such as LQ9 6.0L LS and LS2, reinforcing its versatility. ...Both are in good shape and should not need to be completely rebuilt. LQ9 has 135k miles on it. Already have 243 heads for it and TBSS intake. LS1 had 90k and came from a 99 Camaro. I assume it is stock. Budget is around $2,000-$2,500 for build parts. rappers hair Gen. 3 engines could be found in cars up until 2005 and most trucks as late as 2007 (LM7, L59, L33, LQ4, LQ9) and were 24X. The Gen. 4 engines could be found in the LS2 Corvette, GTO, and LS4 powered FWD cars as early as 2005, but remained 24X equipped. By 2006, the Corvette and CTS-V had gone 58X, but the LS2 powered GTO, …The 243 heads came on the powerful LS6 engines from 2001 to 2006. Although the heads were initially made for C5 Corvettes, they later found their use in engines like the truck-spec LQ9 and LQ4. The LQ4 and LQ9 had 6 cc larger combustion chambers. LS6 was also used in some Camaros and Pontiac GTOs. The 243 heads are cast out of aluminum alloy ...LS2: rod..the purple wire to the starter solenoid. I'm installing a LQ9 (LS2) engine in my street rod. The fellow that I bought it from gave instructions for connecting the wires. The problem that I have is I was instructed to attached the purple wire to the starter solenoid. As soon as I connect the battery, the starter is activated. iowa unemployment determination status i have an lq4 with flat top pistons essentially making it an lq9. Put a cam in, milled the heads and had a shop test it at close to 10:1 compression if I remember correctly. If youre going FI id suggest to start with lq4 as youll have lower compression than lq9 and will have an iron block, or at least all gen iii are.20 Nov 2010 ... First Startup of LQ9 6.0L with L92 Heads and LS3 Intake. ... First Startup of LQ9 6.0L with L92 Heads and LS3 Intake ... LS2 vs LS3 LS Heads. (Which ... how to set a verizon remote S. Scarte1 Discussion starter. 22 posts · Joined 2010. #1 · Aug 2, 2010 (Edited) I had a 228R 112 cam installed Friday by East Texas Muscle Cars. The results were outstanding, and Stephen did a fantastic job. The Dyno results were above expectations and the driveability is quite good. Here is the dyno sheet - 435 RWHP 415 RWTQ in 95 degree ...Alternator Wire Harness Adapter Connector Fits GM Bosch LS1 LS2 LS3 LQ4 LQ9 LM7. Rating * Name Email * Review Subject * Comments * ×. Recommended. Quick view Details. GM. LSA LS9 Valve Cover Pair - No Coils Included - Genuine GM LS 12637688 12637686. $169.99. Add to Cart ... schnucks locations in illinois Fits all Gen 3/4 LS 4.8 5.3 5.7 6.0 6.2 including LS1 LS6 LS2 LQ4 LQ9. 216/220, .560"/.560", 114 LSA. The Sloppy Stage 1 Camshaft is a cam with a mid level profile. It will have a noticeable lope at Idle while not being overly aggressive. It will make great power and torque all while keeping costs low. This cam is a great choice for those daily ... judy murray net worth The LQ9 has a substantial power increase to 345 horsepower and 380 lb.-ft. of torque and is found in the following models: 2002-06 Cadillac Escalade; ... Additionally, a new 6.0-liter displacement V8 joined the family in the form of the LS2. Under the hood of 2007-2009 Chevy and GMC 6.0-liter V8 equipped vehicles, you'll find the LY6 engine ...To me, a LS2 sounds kind of like an LS1, and a LS3 sounds a little meaner and lopey, like a LS6/7. Don't know where you are getting your info, but the LS2 has 10.87:1 compression ratio. The LS3 is less with 10.7:1 ratio. The LS3 has a stronger block, stronger rod bolts, much better flowing heads.It would be easier with a L92/LS3 block vs a LQ4/LQ9 block . ... TSP Cam, Heavily Modified LS2 Intake, P&P TB, ASP-UDP, Kooks SS w/ catts, Magnaflow Cat Back, Vararam, Drilled & Slotted Rotors w/ Ceramic Pads, Difftech 3:91 w/KAAZ, G Force 1320 Toe Links, Driveshaft Shop Stubs-Half Shafts-Driveshaft, Circle D Pro Series Converter and ...